铁的资料，福利待遇，缺乏症，食物来源

The Indian diet which is predominantly vegetarian contains large amounts of these inhibitors, eg phylates in bran, phosphates in egg yolk, tannin in tea and oxalates in vegetables.印度的饮食主要是素食中含有大量的这些抑制剂，如phylates在麸皮，磷酸盐蛋黄，鞣质在茶叶和草酸盐在蔬菜。 In some areas significant amounts of iron may be derived from cooking in iron vessels.在一些地区大量的铁可来自做饭铁船。

Benefits of Iron:好处铁：

Iron is necessary for many functions in the body including formation of haemoglobin, brain development and function, regulation of body temperature, muscle activity and catecholamine metabolism.铁是必需的许多功能，在人体内形成的，包括血红蛋白，脑发育和功能，调节体温，肌肉活动和儿茶酚胺代谢的影响。 Lack of iron directly affects the immune system; it diminishes the number of T- cells and the production of antibodies.缺乏铁，直接影响免疫系统，它削弱了多项T细胞和生产的抗体。 Besides haemoglobin, iron is a component of myoglobin, the cytochromes, catalase and certain enzyme systems.此外血红蛋白，铁，是一个组成部分，肌红蛋白，细胞色素，过氧化氢酶和某些酶系统。

Iron is essential for binding oxygen to the blood cells.铁是必不可少的约束力氧气的血液细胞。 The central function of the iron is oxygen transport and cell respiration.中央功能铁是氧的运输和细胞呼吸。

Absorption: Iron is mostly absorbed from duodenum and upper small intestine in the ferrous state, according to body needs. 吸收：铁主要是吸收了从十二指肠和上部小肠在有色金属状态，根据身体的需要。

The rate of iron absorption is increased by many factors like iron reserves of the individual, the presence of inhibitors (eg phosphates) and promoters (eg ascorbic acid) of iron absorption and disorders of duodenum and jejunum.率的铁吸收增加的因素很多，如铁矿储量为个人，在场的抑制剂（如磷酸盐）和推动者（如抗坏血酸）的铁吸收和失调的十二指肠及空肠。

Iron absorption is greater when there is an increased demand for iron, as for example during pregnancy.铁的吸收是更大的时候，有一个需求的增加铁的，如在怀孕期间。

The absorbed iron is transported as plasma ferritin and stored in liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidney.吸收铁运送血浆铁蛋白，并储存在肝脏，脾脏，骨髓和肾。 When red cells are broken down, the liberated iron is reutilized in the formation of new red cells.当红色细胞破裂，解放区铁是reutilized在形成新的红色细胞。

Daily loss of iron from the body每天损失铁从体内

The total daily iron loss of an adult is probably 1 mg and about 2 mg in menstruating women. 每日总铁损的成年人可能是1毫克和2毫克menstruating妇女。 Major routes of iron loss are: 主要路线的铁损分别是：

• Through haemorrhages, that is wherever blood is lost, iron is lost, the causes of which may be physiological (eg menstruation, childbirth) or pathological (eg hookworms, malaria, haemorrhoids, peptic ulcer)通过大量出血，这是哪里的血液丢失，铁丢失，其原因可能是生理（如月经，生育）或病理（如钩虫，疟疾，痔疮，消化性溃疡）
• Basal losses, such as excretion through urine, sweat and bile and desquamated surface cells.基底的损失，如通过排泄尿液，汗液和胆汁和desquamated表面细胞。
• The recent widespread use of IUDs in the family planning programme is an additional cause of iron loss.最近普遍使用避孕环在计划生育方案，是一项额外的事业中铁的损失。
• Hormonal contraceptives on the other hand decrease menstrual blood loss by about 50 percent.荷尔蒙避孕问题，另一方面减少经期失血量50 ％左右。

Three stages of iron deficiency have been described: 三个阶段的缺铁性贫血已被描述：

• First stage is characterized by decreased storage of iron without any other detectable abnormalities.第一阶段的特点是减少贮存铁，没有任何其他检出异常。
• An intermediate stage of latent iron deficiency that is iron stores are exhausted, but anemia has not occurred as yet.一个中间阶段的潜在缺铁这是铁的商店已经精疲力尽，贫血，但并没有发生过没有。 Its recognition depends upon measurement of serum ferritin levels.它承认取决于测量的血清铁蛋白水平。 This stage is the most prevalent stage in India.这个阶段是最流行的阶段，在印度。
• The third stage is that of overt iron deficiency when there is a decrease in the concentration of circulating haemoglobin due to impaired haemoglobin synthesis.第三个阶段就是显性缺铁时，有一个下跌的浓度循环血红蛋白，由于受损的血红蛋白合成。

The end result of iron deficiency is nutritional anaemia, which is not a disease.最终结果会导致缺铁是营养性贫血，这是不是一种疾病。 It is rather a syndrome caused by malnutrition.这是相当综合症引起的营养不良。 Besides anaemia there may be other functional disturbances such as impaired cell mediated immunity, reduced resistance to infection, increased morbidity and mortality and diminished work performance.除了贫血，可能还有其他功能的干扰，如受损的细胞介导的免疫力，降低抗感染，发病率和死亡率上升和下降的工作表现。

Daily requirement of iron每天需要的铁

Because of the recycling of iron, only a small amount of iron is needed by the body.由于回收的铁，只有少量的铁，是需要由机构。 In general iron requirements are greater and there is rapid expansion of tissue and red cell mass, as for example during pregnancy, childhood and adolescence在铁一般的规定是更大，因此快速扩张的组织和红细胞质量的，如在怀孕期间，童年和青春期

Requirement of iron for different age groups is given below in the table: 要求铁为不同年龄组别提供以下资料于下表：